Calculating device



G. H. DUSTE. CALCULATING DEVICE. APPucATlou mso June 3o, 192|.

1,437,500, f Patented Dec. 5, 1922. v 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

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atroz mug Patented Dec. 5, 1922.

UNITED STATES- PaxrlazNT OFFICE.

GEORGE H. DUSTE, F SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, ASSIGNR OF ONE-HALF 'IlOy RICHARD W. WEATHERBE, 0F SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

CALCULATING DICE.

Application led June 30, 192.1. Serial No. 481,482.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. Dus'rn, a

. citizen of the United States, residing at San Francisco, in the county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented certain new and Vuseful Improvements in Calculating Devices, of which the following is a specification.

Myinvention is an improved calculating device of the type in which slides carrying numbers are moved up and down, and it comprises novel means for simplifying the operation, reducing the possibilit'yvof error, and increasing the general eHiciency of calculating devices of this type.

Referring to the annexed drawings in which my invention is illustrated and which forms a part of this specification:

Figure 1 is a front view of my calculating device.

Figure 2 is a front view of my calculating device withthe front wall removed.

Figure 3 is a front view of the device with the front wall and index plate removed, showing the shutters.

Figure 4 is a front view of the device with the front plate shutters and index plate removed.

Figure 5 is a front View of the device with all parts in front of the slides removed.

Figure 6 is a front view of the base plate.

Figure 7 is a cross section of the device taken on line 7-7 of Figure 1.

'Figure 8 is a side view of one of the slides and Figure 9 is an enlarged detail view of the device as shown in the left half of Figure 7.

In the drawing 1 indicates a rectangular base plate which is provided with a plurality of longitudinal slots 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 7 and with a plurality of longitudinal grooves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 13 at the C right of' said slots respectively, which receive and guide the point of the stylus. A plurality of slides 14, 15, 16, 17 18, 19 and 19 rest on the plate 1 over the slots 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. 7 and 7 respectivelyand at their right edges over the grooves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13

and 13 respectively. Along the right edge y of each of said slides are two rows of ratchet teeth 20 and 21, the teeth 20 being located in the lower halves of the slides and pointing upwardly and the teeth 21 being located in the upper halves of the slides and pointing downwardly, both rows of teeth of said slides being aligned with the grooves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13and 13 respectively and adapted to extend and slide over said grooves. `The teeth 20 are of a light color while the 'teeth 21 are of a dark color so that they may be distinguished from each other. On the front face in the lower' half of each slide 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 19 are a series of numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 reading upwardly, the numbers 1 to 9 inclusive being respectively'located opposite the lowermost to the uppermost teeth 20 inclusive. In the left edge'of each slide are a plurality of spaced notches 22, the notches in the lower'half of the slide being opposite the teeth 20 respectively and the notches in the upper half` of the slide being opposite the teeth 21 respectively. Pins 23 and 24 are secured in the base plate 1, a considerable distance apart, at the left side of each of the slots 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 7. A flat longitudinal springr 25 extends from the back side ofv each slide 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 19 into a slot 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 7 and bears against the right side of the slot whereby the slides are urged to the left against the pins 23 and 24, which pins engage the notches 22 and hold the slides against movement up or down. A partition plate 26 is secured 4to the base plate 1` over the slides 14 tof19 inclusive. Said partition plate has a plurality of longitudinal slots 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 32 which register with the ratchet teeth 2O and 21 of the slides 14, 15, 16, 17,118, 19 and 19 respectively and with the grooves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 13 respectively. The plate 26 also has a pluralityof apertures 33, 34, 75, 76, 77, 78 and 78' respectively at the lower ends of the slots 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 and 32 which apertures register with the numbers on the slides 14, 15, 16, 17 18 and 19 respectively. A plurality vof'shutters 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 are pivoted at their upper ends by pivots 40` 41, 42, 43, 44 and 44 to the upper part of the'base platel and extend over the plate 26. Each shutter has a notch extending upwardly at an angle from its righty edge and the shutters are narrower from said notches to their lower ends than from said notches to their upper ends, so that the narrower parts of the shutters normally rest .to the left of the slots 27, 28, 29, 30, 31 and 32 respectively, while the upper edges of said notches at the right of said narrower parts extend across the upper part oit the slots 27, 2S, 29, 30, 31 'and 32 respectively. The adjacent edges of the adjacent shutters above the notches engage each other, and the shutters 36, 37, 38 and 39 each have a pair of ylugs 46 and 47, projecting from their right edges respectively over and under the left edges of the adjacent shutters, so that when any one shutter except shutter "35 swings to the right all shutters to the right of it also are swung to the right, and so that when shutter 35 is swung to the left all shutters to the left of it are also swung to the left. The shutter 35 has an upstanding lug 49 in its upper part. A sliding index plate is slidably mounted, over the shutters 35 to 39 inclusive, between the plate 26 and a iront plate 51 which is secured to the base plate 1, there being spacers 52 between said plate 26 and front plate at the edges of said plates, said spacers being of such thickness that the index plate is engaged by the plate 26, shutters 35 to 39 inclusive, and the front plate 51, with `suilicient friction to hold the index plate against movement unlessa slight force is applied thereto in the manner hereinafter described. The spacer 52 at the lower edge of the base plate and front plate limits the upward movement of the plate 50 while the vspacer at the lower edge of said plates limits the downward movement of said index plate. The index plate 50 is provided with a plurality of longitudinal slots 55, 56, 57,58, 59, 60 and 60 which respectively register with the teeth 20 and 21 of the slides 14 to 19 inclusive and with the grooves 8 4to 13 inclusive- On the 'lace of the index plate at the ,left side of each ot the slots 55 to 60 inclusive, are a row of numbers, reading upwardly 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 6 and 9 which are spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the slide teeth 2() and the slide teeth 21, which numbers register with said teeth when the pins 23 and 24 engage the notches 22 of the slides 14 to 19 inclusive. The index plate has a plurality of apertures 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 and `66l at the left oit the lower end of the slots 55,56, 57, 53, 59, and 60 which lapertures are adapted to register with the apertures 33, 34, 75, 76, 77, 78 and 78 in plate 26 and with the numbers on the slides 14, 15,16, 17, 18, 19 and 19 respectively when the index plate is in its lowermost position. The index plate 50 has a slot 67 therein near its upper right corner through which slot projects the shutter lug 49, said slot having an angular cam side 68 at the right for engaging said lug on the downward movement of the index plate to open the shutter 35 and the other shutters which may be closed. rlhe index plate has a central aperture 69 near its lower edge. The front wall 51 has a substantially square opening 70 through which the slots 55 to 60 and the characters oi' the index plate 50 are exposed. The iront wall also has a central longitudinal slot 71 below the opening 70 with which slot registers the aperture 69.

The base 1 is secured to a back plate 8O one edge of which is bent around into two sleeves 81 and 32 which receive and carry a stylus 83 at vthe edge of the device, by means oi" whichstylus the device is operated; Y

The operation of my calculating device is v as Afollows rlhe slides are normally in their uppermost positions and their naughts register with the apertures 61, 62, 63, 64 and 65.

To add the sum of 342 and 479, fer example,A place the point oi' the stylus 33 through the slots 55 and 27 in the groove 6` against the upper edge of the white tooth 20, of the slide 14, which is opposite the adjacent number 2 on the index plate 5G, and pull the slide down with the stylus. until the stylus engages the lower end oi" the index plate slot 55, in which position the number 2 on said slide registers with the aperture 61 in the index plate. Next placethe point oi the stylus against the upper edge oi the white tooth 2O of slide 15 opposite the adjacent number' 4 on the index plate and pull the slide dcwn until the stylus engages the lower end oi' the index plate slot 56, in which position the number 4 on said slide registers with the aperture 62. Next place the point of the stylus against the upper edge of the white tooth 29 oislide 16 opposite the adjacent ind x number 3 and pull the slide down until the stylus engages the lower end el the index plate slot 57, in which p .tien the number of said slide registers with the aperture 63. Next place the peint olf the stylus against. the lower edge ci the black teeth 21 ot the slide .14 opposite the adjacent index number 9 and pull the slide ugerardl)Y us iar as possible untilthe i engages the upper edge oi the index plate .et 55 and the upper edge of the notch oi" shutl 35 and moves said plate upwardly and its apertures 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 eed 66 out of register with apertures 33, l 7S and 73 and the numbers en `the slides and swings said shutter 35 across the teeth et' the slide 14, so that 'the stylus cannet be placed in the teeth ol said slide and said slide moved by the stylus, until the one et the eleven of the added numbers 2 and 9 is carried to the next column to the left. The one of the eleven is carried upon placin the point oil the stylus against the lower edge el? the tooth 21 oit slide 15 opposite the adjacent index number 7 and moving said slide upwardly until the st-j/*lus the upper end oit the index plate slot 56, and the upper edge of the slot 45 of shutter 36 and swings said shutter across the slot 56 and the teeth of the slide 15, prevent-ing access to said teeth until the one of the 12 of the added second column is carried. The one of the twelve of the second column of added numbers is carried by placing the point of the stylus against the upper edge of the tooth 20 of the slide 16 opposite the adjacent index number 4 and pulling down said slide until the stylus engages the lower end of slot 57 pulling down the index plate to the position, in which the index plate apertures 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66 and 66 register with the apertures 33, 34, 75, 76, 77, 78 and 78 respectively and the numbers 8, 2 and 1 are exposed through the apertures 33 and 61, 34 and 62, and 75 and 63 respectively, which numbers 821 are the answer to the problem, during which operation the cam surface 68 engages the lug 49 and swings the shutters 35 and 36 back away from under the slots and 56 and from over the teeth of. the slides 14 and 15, under the index plate out of view.

The possibility of error of my device is reduced to a minimum by the slide mechanism and shutter mechanism. The slides cannot be moved upwardly by mistake by placing the stylus in the teeth 20, because the upward movement of the stylus would cause it to wedge between the inclined surfaces of said teeth and the right edge of one of the grooves 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 or 13, which would force the slides to the left and the notches 22 lirmly into engagement with the pins 23 and 24 which would lock the slides against upward movement. Conversely the slides cannot be moved downwardly by mistake by placing the stylus in the teeth 21, because the downward movement of the stylus would cause it to wedge between the inclined surfaces of said teeth and the right side of one of the grooves 8, 9, 10. 11, 12, 13 or 13, which would force the slides to the left and the notches 22 firmly into engagement with the pins 23 and 24 which would lock the slides against downward movement.

The shutters when swung across the index plate slots 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 or 60 and the teeth of the slides 14, l5, 16, 17, 18 or 19 prevent the insertion of the stylus through said slots into the teeth of said slides, so that neither the slides whose teeth are covered by shutters nor the index pla-te may be moved until a number to be carried, is carried by placing the stylus in the first uncovered index slot and teeth of the first slide to the left of the slot or slots and teeth which are covered by a shutter or shutters and the stylus pulled down against the lower edge of the uncovered slot and the index plate pulled down. until the apertures 61 to 66 register with the apertures 33, 34, 75, 76. 77 78 and 78 and shutters swung back out of operation by the engagement of the cam surface 68 with the lug 49.

Problems in subtraction may be solved by my device. The minuend is first registered by placing the stylus against the uppermost teeth 2O of the slides and moving them down one by one until said teeth are opposite the numbers of the index plate corresponding with the numbers of the'minuend. The subtrahend is then registered just as the numbers are registered in adding and the difference will be found by reading the numbers on the index next to the uppermost teeth 20 of the slides. The same rules of operation substantially are used in subtraction as in addition, but the figures appearing in the sight apertures 61 to 66 are disregarded.

o multiply: Take for an example 25 times 235. Multiply mentally five times five and register the product 25 in the first and second slots on the right. Multiply 3 by 5 and register the product 15 in the second and third slots, registering the 5 first and the 1 last. Next register in the same way the product of 5 and 2 in the third and fourth slots.

Now proceed with the 2 as with the 5 except that the first product 2 5 equals 10 registered in the second and third slots instead of the first and second, the 2 3 equals 6 is registered in the third slot and the 2 2 equals 4 is registered in the fourth slot. le now have the product of 25 and 235 and what we have really done to obtain it was to add the simple products, found mentally, in the way shown below. The adding and carrying has been donc by the calculator.

In the operation of my calculating device, the following rules should be observed:

Rule 1: Vhen the stylus is in the dark portion of the slide the movement must be up. When the stylus is in the light portion of the slide the movement must be down.

Rule 2: The normal position of the index is down and it must be down before and after registering each complete number.

Rule 3: When the last (left hand) digit of a number is registered by an upward movement leaving the index at the top register a cipher in the next slot to the left, if this also is done with an upward movement register another cipher in still the next slot to theleft and so on until the index is at the bottom.

Each slide has a lug and a lug 91 pro jecting from its lower end and its upper end respectively into the slots over which the slides rest, sa'd lugs being arranged so that they norn'ially rest a short distance away from the right edge of said slots to allow the slides to be moved to the right to disengage the pins 22 and 2S. When the stylus is placed in the teeth 20 and the slide moved down, the tendency is for the upper end of the slide to swing to the right and bind which action is arrested by the engagement ot the lug 9i with the right edge ci' the slot over which the slide rests'. Conversely when the stylus is placed in the teeth 2l and the slide moi/ed up the tendency is for the lower end olthe slide to swing to the right which tendency is arrested by the engagement ot the lug 90 with the right side ol the slot over which the slide rests.

Having described my invention, l claim:

l. A calculating device including a base plate, a plurality of slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, stylus engaging means on said slides, a sliding index plate mounted on said base plate, said index plate having a plurality oi slots which register with said stylus en gaging means on said slides, numliers on the tace o t' said index plate next to said slots which determine the position at which he stylus placed in the stylus engaging means ol said slides to move said slides up or down, said index plate having a plurality oi' aperture through which the numbers on slides which are the answer' to problems are exposed.

2. A calculating device including a base plate, a .plurality of' slides mounted oni said base plate on which slides are numbers, stylus engaging means on said slides, a sliding index i' late mounted on said base plate, said index plate having a plurality of slots which register with said stylus engaging means on said slides, numl ers on the l'ace ot' said inde? plate nent to said slots 'which determine the position at which the .ffitylui placeiil in the stylus engaging unans of said slides to move said slides up or down, said index plate having a plurality oi: apertures through which the numbers on said slides which are the answers to problems are exposed, Shutters mounted on said plate, means on said shutters to be engaged by said stylus whereby the shutters are swung across the stylus engaging means of the slides which are moved by the stylus when the stylus engages the upper end of a slot in the index plate and moves said plate upwardly, and means for swinging said shutters away trom said stylus engaging means ci the moved slides and the index plate slots registering 'with said stylus enfr ing means when the stylus is placed iu the index plate slot and the engaging means ot the next slide to the lett, and said slide moved downwardly and the index plate iioved back to normal position by the engagement ot the stylus with the lower end ot the latter index plate slot.

8. il calculating device including a base plate, a plurality oi' slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, stylus engaging on said slides, an index plate mounted on said base plate over said slides, said index plate having a plurality oiI slots which register with the engaging means ot said slides, numbers on said index platn at one side ot said slots which determine the position to place the stylus in said stylus engaging means to move said slides up or down, means ior locking saidr slides from improper movement up or down by said stylus, said index plate having a plurality ol' apertures through which the numbers on said slides which are the answers to the solved problems are exposed.

d. A calculating device including a base plate, plurality oi slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, ratchet teeth along` one edge of said slides. the teeth on the lower halt et `said slides pointing upwardly and the teeth on the up-A per halt ot said slides pointing downwardly.` a sliding index plate mounted on said base over said slides, said index plate having a plurality ot slots registering with the teeth ot said slides respectively, numbers on said index plate at one side ot each slot spaced the same distance apart as the teeth of said slides, said index plate having a plurality orf apertures adapted respectively to register with the numbers on said slides.

5. il, calculating device including a base plate provided'with a plurality oit grooves, a plurality of slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, ratchet teeth along one edge oil said slides over said grooves, the teeth on the lower halt of said slides pointing` upwardly, the teeth on the upper halt of said slides Vi'iointing downA wardly, the other edge olf' said slides having plurality oit notches ojmosite said ratchet teeth respectively, pins on said base plate i'or engaging said notches, spring means l'or normally maintaining said slides against said pins with said pins in said notches, an index plate mounted on said base plate over said slides, said index plate having a plurality of slots registering with the teeth ot sait slides respectively, numbers on said index plate at one side ot said slots spaced the same distance as said ratchet teeth, said index plate having a plurality of apertures adapted respectively to register with the numbers on said slides.

6. A calculating device including a base plate prfV fided with a plurality of longitudinal slots and a plurality ot longitudinal grooves, a plurality of slides mounted on .s

El t) llfi said t plate on ywhich slides are numbers, ratcl` eeth along one edge olf said slides over said grooves, the teeth on the lower half of said slides pointing upwardly land the teeth on the upper halt ot said slides pointing downwardly, the other edge of said slides having a plurality of notches opposite said ratchet teeth respectively, pins on said base plate for engaging said notches, flat springs depending from said slides into said slots respectively and bearing against one side of said slots for normally maintaining said slides against said pins with said pins engaging said notches, an index plate mounted on said base plate over said slides, said index plate having a plurality of slots registering with the teeth of said slides respectively, numbers on said index plate at the side of said slots spaced the same distance as said ratchet teeth, said index plate having a plurality of sight apertures adapted to register with the numbers on said slides.

7. A, calculating device including a base plate, a plurality of slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, stylus engaging means on said slides, a sliding index plate mounted on said base plate, said index plate having a. plurality ot slots which register with said stylus engaging means on said slides, numbers on the tace of said index plate next to said slots which determine the position at which the stylus is placed in the stylus engaging means ot said slides to move said slides up or down, a plurality of shutters pivoted at their upper ends to the upper part of said base plate so that their lower portions normally rest under said index plate between its slots, said shutters being formed with angular notches, the upper angular edges of which notches normally extending across the upper end of said index plate slots to be engaged by the stylus to swing the shut-- ters across said index plate slots and the stylus engaging means on said slides, when the index plate is moved upwardly by the engagement of the upper end of said. slots by the stylus, and means for swinging the shutters back under the index plate between the slots ot' said plate when the index plate moved down.

S. A calculating device including a base plate, a plurality of slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, stylus engaging means on said slides, a sliding index plate mounted on said base plate,

index plate having :t plurality ot slots which register with said stylus engaging means on said slides, numbers on the 'lace ot said index plate next to said slots which determine the position at which the stylus is placed in the stylus engaging means of said slides to move said slides up or down, a plurality of shutters pivoted at their upper ends to the upper part of said base plate so that their lower portions normally rest under said index plate between its slots, said. shutters being formed with angular notches, the upper angular edges ot' which notches normally extending across the upper end of said index plate slots to be engaged by the stylus t0 swing the shutters across said index plate slots and the stylus engaging means on said slides, when the index plate is moved upwardly by the engagement of the upper end of said slots by the stylus, a lug on one of the outermost shutters projecting through a slot in said index plate, one edge ot said slot being inclined to engage said lug, when the index plate is moved down, to swing said shutter back under the yindex plate between two slots in said plate, the shutters being pivoted close together so that when said outermost shutter is swung back all the other shutters which have been swung across index plate slots and stylus engaging means on slides are also swung back under the index plate between index plate slots.

9. A calculating device including a base plate, a plurality of slides mounted on said base plate on which slides are numbers, stylus engaging means on one side of said slides, a partition plate secured on said base plate over said slides, said partition plate having a plurality of slots registering with said stylus engaging means on said slides and with a plurality of sight apertures through which the numbers on said slides yare exposed, a sliding index plate mounted GEORGE H. DUSTE. 

